Аннотация:The mechanisms underlying individual cognitive functioning are complex, and genetic and epigenetic factors play a significant role. Considering the possible involvement of inflammatory pathways and synaptic plasticity in cognitive functioning, the present study aimed to estimate the main effect of BDNF, IL1B, CRP, and TNF gene polymorphisms together with gene-environment interactions in manifestation of individual differences in several cognitive abilities in young adults. Multiple linear regression conducted on the data obtained from 897 mentally healthy young adults (79% women; 19.74±1.51 years) of Caucasian origin revealed the association of TNF rs1041981 A-allele and ability of 3D mental rotation, and general intelligence (factor “g”). Moreover, significant interactive effects of TNF rs1041981 and CRP rs3093077 and several peculiarities of childhood rearing on cognitive functioning were demonstrated.