The landscape-forming role of relief in the formation of the forest composition in the southwestern part of Moscow Oblastстатья
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Аннотация:The forest cover of Moscow Oblast has been greatly changed due to the long history of agricultureand silviculture practice. As a result, the modern composition and spatial differentiationof types of forest communities do not completely depend on natural conditions, but inmany respects on human activities. The question arises: did the natural landscape-formingfactors persist in influencing the modern forests of the region? The role of relief in the formationof the composition of modern forest cover and differentiation of community types inthe southwestern part of Moscow Oblast is estimated. Relief, being a key landscape-formingfactor, determines the habitat conditions of forest communities. For lowland territories, therelationship between changes in the relief surface and forest composition has been little studied,although the terrain-dependent ecotope conditions have always been taken into account.In the paper, the relief forms are distinguished using classification of morphometric variablesand are endowed with qualitative landscape characteristics. In the geomorphological region ofthe Klin-Dmitrov Range, five mesoforms of relief have been identified: the main surface of thewatershed, the moraine hilly surface, troughs of glacier meltwaters, floodplains, and steep slopesof river valleys and streams. The interrelationship between the distribution of forest communitytypes and relief mesoforms, which are represented by groups of associations of ecological-phytocenotic classification (16 syntaxons), is estimated. A cartographic analysis of thegeobotanical map and the map of the relief mesoforms was carried out, and the occurrence ofthe type of forest community in the mesoform was statistically estimated. It was revealed thatthe spatial differentiation of half of the analyzed types of communities (groups of associations)depends on the surface forms of the relief, and the severely disturbed types of communitiesdo not demonstrate confinement. For the first time on a statistical basis, the observations ofprevious researchers on the patterns of distribution of spruce and oak forests in the geomorphologicalregion of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Ridge are confirmed.