Аннотация:Three soil microniches: rhizosphere (root zone of influence), mycorrhizosphere (mycorrhizal, i.e., root and fungus both, zone of influence) and hyphosphere (free mycelium zone of influence) are discussed as unique microhabitats for soil-inhabiting bacteria and micromycetes. Terminological ambiguity is pointed out and current advances in techniques of research are summarized. Microbial beneficial and antagonistic interactions and multiple functions are highlighted with insight in mechanisms involved provided if possible. The potential of “sphere” microorganisms as biofertilizers, biocontrol agents and bioremediators is concerned.