Visual pattern recognition memory and intelligence: multivariate twin modelстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 11 апреля 2017 г.
Аннотация:Tasks for measuring nonverbal intelligence are, essentially, visual inits nature. Thus, basic processes such as visual pattern recognition can play substantial role in individual differences in intelligence. We aimed to investigate the role of genetic and environmental factors in relationship between IQ and pattern recognition memory in adolescents. 349 twin pairs aged from 10 to 17 years participated in the study (mean =12.98, sd=2.18, MZ=114, DZ=235 pairs). All participants were administered the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test and the Pattern Recognition Memory subtest from the automatedneuropsychological battery CANTAB. PRM test was created to measure visual pattern recognition memory in a 2-choice forceddiscrimination paradigm. The outcome measures for the PRM was latency and number of the correct answers. Raven scores modestly correlated with the both parameters: for number of the correct answers r=.18, p =.006, for latency r =-.17, p =.008 (note the inverted correlation, the smaller latency was associated with bigger Raven scores). We fit multivariate twin model to estimate genetic and envi-ronmental covariation between intelligence and visual recognitionmemory. We found that individual differences in latency area ccounted for common and unique environment (C=24 %, E=76 %), number of the correct answers – for genetic factorsand unique environment (A=38 %, E=57 %), Raven scores – for all factors (A=48 %, C=24 %, E=28 %). The correlationbetween PRM latency and Raven scores can be explained by common environment factors. Correlation between number of thecorrect answers and Raven scores was also mostly related to common environment, but with moderate genetic impact. Contraryto the hypothesis, our findings show that visual pattern recognition
processes are only moderately related to individual differences in intelligence.