Аннотация:THE ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS INFLUENCING
OBESITY
E.A. Bondareva
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow,
Obesity is a growing epidemic which presents a significant clinical problem. While some years ago this
was only regarded as a problem for developed countries, recently the same trend is observed in developing
countries. Overweight and obesity results from an imbalance in energy homeostasis, whereby the
consequences of excessive calorie intake are not balanced by increased energy expenditure. Among factors
influencing obesity risk are: genetic predisposition, activity of brown fat tissue, physical activity level, diet,
socioeconomic status, environmental factors. As obesity and overweight causes several common diseases,
such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and increased risk of certain types
of cancer. The knowledge of the complex of «obesity promoting» factors should be used in early prediction of
obesity and prevention in all groups of people with high level of obesity risk. In the presented paper different
types of adipose tissue and some metabolic and functional characteristics are reviewed. Also, moleculargenetic
determinants of obesity and general exogenous factors influencing obesity are reviewed.
Keywords: anthropology, obesity, BAT, FTO, adipocytes, caloric intake