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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 17 августа 2021 г.
Аннотация:Intense X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) can rapidly excite matter, leaving it in inherently unstable states that decay on femtosecondtimescales. The relaxation occurs primarily via Auger emission, so excited-state observations are constrained byAuger decay. In situ measurement of this process is therefore crucial, yet it has thus far remained elusive in XFELs owing toinherent timing and phase jitter, which can be orders of magnitude larger than the timescale of Auger decay. Here we developan approach termed ‘self-referenced attosecond streaking’ that provides subfemtosecond resolution in spite of jitter, enablingtime-domain measurement of the delay between photoemission and Auger emission in atomic neon excited by intense, femtosecondpulses from an XFEL. Using a fully quantum-mechanical description that treats the ionization, core-hole formation andAuger emission as a single process, the observed delay yields an Auger decay lifetime of 2.2 fs for the KLL decay channel.