FLUORIDE INFLUENCE ON THE GROWTH, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. IN THE MODEL EXPERIMENTстатья
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Аннотация:Anthropogenic pollution of the environment by fluoride (F) can lead to
abnormality symptoms in some species of plants even at relatively low impact
levels. Currently, an active accumulation of data on the effect of F on plant
functions take place. The purpose of the present work was complex investigation of
influence of different F concentrations in soil on growth, morphological and
biochemical parameters and elemental composition of the wheat plants (Triticum
aestivum L.). Seed germination, survivorship rate, external appearance, length and
thickness of leaf blade, chlorophyll, electrolyte leakage, catalase and acid
phosphatase activity and elemental composition (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, F, Fe, K,
Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Zn and rare-earth elements) were studied at different
levels of F in soil in range of 100 – 7600 mg/kg. Methods of spectrophotometry,
conductometry, inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry and atomic
absorption spectrometry were used. The most sensitive biochemical markers for
estimation of the plant F stress were found to be electrolyte leakage and acid
phosphatase activity. Noticeable change of these parameters started at F soil
concentration of 600 and 1100 mg/kg respectively. Concentration of Mg, Ca and Sr
in the plants was established to decrease at increasing F in soil. Distribution of
concentration Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Ni, Pb, Sb, Th, Ti, V, Y, and light rare-earth
elements was described by curve with maxima at 1100 mg/kg; maximum
concentration of Fe, K, and Ni was observed at 2100 mg/kg of F in soil. Possible 3-
stage’s scheme for the development F stress in wheat plant was suggested. Both
the decrease of the F bioaccumulation factor, electrolyte leakage, acid phosphatase
activity and the increase of the content of molybdenum that is a component of plant
enzymes catalyzing key stages of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolism at high F
soil levels could be parts of adaptation mechanism of the wheat plants (Triticum
aestivum L.) to F stress.