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Transformation of agricultural employment as a spatio temporal process global map of post agricultural transitionтезисы доклада
- Авторы: Potapova Alexandra, Naumov Alexey
- Сборник: IGC_2021_Congress_Abstract_Book virtual
- Тезисы
- Год издания: 2021
- Место издания: Istanbul
- Первая страница: 274
- Последняя страница: 274
- Номер статьи: 3482
- Аннотация: Since the second half of the 20th century, the world agricultural sector has undergone significant structural changes, which lead to shifts in the structure of employment in agriculture and rural economy as a whole. Modern agriculture is highly diverse, combining both wage labor and family farming. The widespread use of technical innovation significantly increases labor productivity. Therefore, more and more farmers are switching to non-agricultural employment or combining agricultural activities with other kinds of job. The outflow of labor from agriculture also happens due to the socio-demographic factor. Industrialization of agricultural production contributes not only to shrinking of traditional employment, but also imposes changes in the qualitative composition of workers. Technical innovations in agriculture demand new skills and require highly qualified specialists. However, branches of agriculture that employ manual labor and use low-skilled workers during peak season remain. On the other hand, shifts in the structure of rural employment from agriculture to non-agricultural occupation is seen as a source of economic growth in rural areas. Due to geographical diversity, countries and regions go through this transformation at different times. This spatio-temporal process involves several stages, which could be detected as an analogue to demographic transition. In general, most developed countries, rural economy already has reached the post-industrial stage. In rural areas nearby large cities, the integration of rural labor markets into urban ones is common. In remote rural areas employment is supported by relocation of industrial plants, or expansion of local agricultural products oriented to urban markets. In developing countries, transformation of rural employment pushes labor force from traditional agriculture, which promotes migration from rural areas. Detailed analysis of dynamics of agricultural employment by countries since 1990, based on different statistical indicators (FAO, ILO) allowed to design world map of post-agricultural transition and outline its main drivers and consequences.
- Добавил в систему: Потапова Александра Андреевна