Аннотация:The main components of the CO2 balance—emission from the surface, removal with lysimetric runoff, and dynamics of reserves in a 1.5 m soil layer with interphase equilibria taken into account—were quantitatively assessed in a two-year soil-lysimetric experiment. A significant (up to 20–90%) contribution of lysimetric runoff to the total gas exchange in cold weather (autumn–winter) against the background of a small (0.3–3.7%) share during the growing season (spring–summer) is shown. Due to the inertia andunsteadiness of gas accumulation/unloading processes inside the soil, emission from the surface does not adequately reflect the gross CO2 production by the soil volume, underestimating in the spring–summerperiod and overestimating in autumn. The obtained two-year correlation between emission and gross production of CO2 indicates the possibility of a 1.3–1.4-fold underestimation of the dissimilation component of thecarbon cycle in the traditional emission assessment of soil respiration.