Аннотация:The chapter focuses on the cognitive and communicative study of specialized language communication. The author discusses the principles of the cognitive and communicative methodology of linguistic research, which is applicable to Cognitive-communicative Terminology science, in which specialized knowledge and its types are presented.The material starts with the main approaches to the study of language, terminology, and LSP (language for specific purposes). According to the systemic-functional theory of the British linguistic school, grammar is described as transforming experience into meaning, while the lexicon refers to registers depending on certain socio-cultural patterns changing contextually. The Vienna terminological school focused on terms’ properties, LSP studies, and syntactic means used in communicative settings within a particular subject area. Finally, the Russian terminology school met the needs of terminologists to pay special attention to term function, which further led to new approaches, including Cognitive-сommunicative Terminology.Cognitive and communicative methodology and modelling approaches applied in it provide the most anthropocentric framework for understanding knowledge transfer and mediation. This framework is based on cognitive and communicative functions presented to reveal a language picture of the world as a unique formation, uncovering processes of cognizing the world and ways of its construal by a human being. In this chapter, more attention to professional discourse and nominative means is paid, in which knowledge of the world, usual (common) knowledge, and scientific knowledge represent the formats of human perception in the practical and subject area the activity is focused on. Categorization and conceptualization are depicted according to types of human experience; socio-cultural knowledge; and situational knowledge, drawing on a repertoire of human professional expertise in various terminological spheres.Methods of cognitive methodology and modelling of specialized discourse, terms, and terminological systems are discussed in close connection with understanding how people acquire, store, and transmit information about the external world through language and internal representations depending on their specific professional area. The study of this particular aspect of terminological units points at the variability of cognitive models and their conceptualizing basis in understanding human thinking and exchanging ideas. Various concepts and their nature are revealed on the basis of profiling, part-whole relations, propositions, cognitive-onomasiological modelling, image schemas, conceptual metaphor and metonymy, frameworks of different kinds, and cognitive maps. These cognitive models help explain how human knowledge is organized in terminological units and conceptual construal in languages for specific purposes.