Аннотация:In this chapter, we examined the relationship between language development and the development of executive functions (EF) in Russian 5–7-year-old children. We assessed, first, language development (e.g., phonology, vocabulary, and grammar) in Russian-speaking children, with a special emphasis on the development of narrative skills. Then, we examined the relationship between the components of the EF (verbal and visual working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) and language skills. The results revealed that: (1) significant changes in language skills occurred every 6 months in the period from 5 to 7 years old; (2) changes in narrative skills were more remarkable than changes in lexical and grammatical skills; and (3) verbal working memory was related to language skills stronger than other components of the EF. We discuss the results in light of the theories on children’s cognitive development and offer suggestions for future research