Аннотация:Neutrophils are essential for maintaining homeostasis and the functioning of the innate immune system. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to respond, and they release numerous types of substances that are crucial for eliminating microbes. However, it can also result in collateral tissue damage if neutrophilic activity is overdone. Thus, regulation of neutrophilic activity is of great importance for the treatment of many pathological conditions. The Research Topic aims to highlight the ongoing advancement in the pharmacological approaches targeting neutrophilic inflammation. Many acute and chronic lung disorders are accompanied by increased neutrophilic infiltration. Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the main causes of acute respiratory failure in seriously ill patients, with critical role of neutrophils in epithelial and endothelial dysfunction. It is not surprising that nearly half of the papers on this Research Topic are devoted to inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.