Аннотация:За последние 100 лет наша страна претерпела значительные изменения идеологического, культурного и экономического характера: от трудоцентрической (Магун 1998) страны, в которой труд являлся обязательным и общественно полезным до современного состояния - наличия и самозанятых, и безработных, и сверхбогатых, и нищих, и проживающих на ренту, и живущих изнуряющим трудом за мизерную зарплату. Исторический контекст изменения представлений о ценности профессионального труда прослежен от начала становления советской власти, когда государство было ориентировано на справедливую оплату труда в соответствии с трудовым вкладом в общее дело до начала отчуждения от труда из-за несоответствия заработанной платы усилиям трудящихся. Современный этап рассмотрен на примере представлений о ценности труда студенческой молодёжью, у которой к материальным ценностям труда добавилось прагматичное к нему отношение. В исследовании использовался общенаучный эмпирический сравнительно-исторический метод. Материалами данного исследования являются социологические, лингвистические и психолого-педагогические научные статьи, посвященные изучению представлений о ценностях труда и связанных с ними понятий: отношений, мотиваций, полученных с помощью опросов, анализа пословиц и тематических плакатов социальной рекламы. Показано, что представления о труде на протяжении многих веков носит противоречивый характер, поскольку, с одной стороны результаты труда доставались сверхусилиями, а с другой - без него невозможно выживание. В целом, установлено, что ценность материальных благ наблюдалась на протяжении всего времени, однако исторический контекст был разным. Более того, до конца 90-х гг. прошлого века труд был важной нравственной ценностью и моральным регулятором как общественного, так и личного поведения людей. Отмечается, что ценности общества потребления и технологического прогресса оказывают своё влияние на представление о ценности труда среди молодёжи.
Over the past 100 years, Russia has undergone significant changes of an ideological, cultural and economic nature, turning from a labour-centric country (Magun 1998), in which labour was mandatory and pubic-spirited, to a country of the self-employed, the unemployed, the super-rich, the poor, people of independent means and those doing exhausting labour for a meagre salary. The paper traces the historical context that has been driving the changing views on the value of professional work from the formation of the Soviet Union, where the state strived to provide fair wages reflecting each worker’s contribution to the common cause, to the era when the individuals started to become alienated from their labour due to the discrepancy between their efforts and their wage. To assess the views prevalent in today's society, the paper analyses the attitudes of current students, who-in addition to valuing material goods-exhibit a pragmatic attitude towards work. The study employed comparative empirical historical approach. In the study, I analysed various sociological, linguistic, psychological and pedagogical research papers studying people’s views on the value of work and other related concepts, such as people’s attitudes and motivations, identified through surveys, analysis of proverbs and social advertising posters. Views on work are shown to have been contradictory for many centuries, since, on the one hand, immense efforts were required to create any product, and, on the other hand, survival was impossible without such intensive labour. In general, it was found that material goods were highly valued throughout history, but the historical context differed. Moreover, until the end of the 1990s, work was an important moral value and a moral regulator of both public and personal life. It is noted that the values of the consumer society and the technological progress impact young people’s views on the value of work.
Over the past 100 years, Russia has undergone significant changes of an ideological, cultural and economic nature, turning from a labour-centric country (Magun 1998), in which labour was mandatory and pubic-spirited, to a country of the self-employed, the unemployed, the super-rich, the poor, people of independent means and those doing exhausting labour for a meagre salary. The paper traces the historical context that has been driving the changing views on the value of professional work from the formation of the Soviet Union, where the state strived to provide fair wages reflecting each worker's contribution to the common cause, to the era when the individuals started to become alienated from their labour due to the discrepancy between their efforts and their wage. To assess the views prevalent in today's society, the paper analyses the attitudes of current students, who-in addition to valuing material goods-exhibit a pragmatic attitude towards work. The study employed comparative empirical historical approach. In the study, I analysed various sociological, linguistic, psychological and pedagogical research papers studying people's views on the value of work and other related concepts, such as people's attitudes and motivations, identified through surveys, analysis of proverbs and social advertising posters. Views on work are shown to have been contradictory for many centuries, since, on the one hand, immense efforts were required to create any product, and, on the other hand, survival was impossible without such intensive labour. In general, it was found that material goods were highly valued throughout history, but the historical context differed. Moreover, until the end of the 1990s, work was an important moral value and a moral regulator of both public and personal life. It is noted that the values of the consumer society and the technological progress impact young people's views on the value of work.