Аннотация:In connection with the supposition of significance of geochemical factors in etiology of Urov Kashin-Beck disease the biogeochemical researches were conducted. Enrichment of soils of Urov biogeochemical provinces by manganese, phosphorus, iron and to a lesser degree strontium that reflects landscape-geochemical contrast of an examined territories and features of migration of macro-and trace elements in conditions of a permafrost and bogging of territories is discovered. Concentration of calcium in soils of endemic villages in some cases surpass, and in most cases do not exceed a level of its content in soils of control sites. The fact of sharp enrichment of soil by strontium in flood-lands of the river Urov is obvious, that is connected to structure of soil-forming of rocks. The most part of endemic villages is dated to gold-fields to displays and characterized by higher concentration of arsenic and low concentrations of copper in flood-lands landscapes. Coefficient of biological absorption of calcium and strontium in system the plant - soil grows in endemic areas, and phosphorus - decreases. Manifestation of Urov bone-articulate pathology in East Zabaikalia occurs on a background of deficiency of selenium in all parts of a biogeochemical food chain, a low level of sulfates in natural waters with weak mineralization and fungous invasion of grain crops. Nevertheless, on a number of parameters the areas of spreading of Urov Kashin – Beck disease in Russia differ from those in China, except for the common deficiency of selenium.