Аннотация:Many special studies investigate the problems of spatial inequality in Russia at the regional (federal subjects) level, yet they reflect only the most general differences, obscuring much more striking intraregional contrasts and interregional patterns. This article attempts to outline the contours of spatially different development of old-developed districts and cities in 37 regions of European Russia and the Urals, using a wide array of statistical data at the level of municipalities. The resulted series of maps shows spatial differences in settlement pattern, socio-demographic characteristics, and economy, as a combination of various parameters conditioned by geographical factors. The greatest spatial differences can be seen at three scales: (1) natural zonal differences, which affect agriculture and rural development, including indirectly through infrastructuredevelopment; (2) macroregional differences, between the old-developed Central Russia, the Central Chernozem region, the Volga region, and the Urals, associated with the differences in their historical destinies and many local features, such as settlement pattern, ethnic composition, and economic specialization; and (3) intraregional center–peripheral development gradients formed by large cities. We employed geographically weighted regression to assess the statistical relationships between the indicators. The results emphasize the importance of local and regional typological factors as well as the dependence of current development paths on historically inherited structures and effects.