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On the origin of the Southern Ural and forest-steppe Volga Region variations of the Sintashta and Potapovka Cultures of the transitional Middle to Late Bronze Age periodsстатья
Статья опубликована в журнале из списка RSCI Web of Science
Статья опубликована в журнале из перечня ВАК- Авторы: Khokhlov A., Kitov E.
- Журнал: Вестник Московского университета. Серия 23: Антропология
- Год издания: 2014
- Издательство: Изд-во Моск. ун-та
- Местоположение издательства: М.
- Первая страница: 72
- Последняя страница: 73
- Аннотация: The investigation of the Bronze Age sites of Southern Urals and Volga Steppes is crucial for addressing many issues of the Eurasian prehistory. The discovery of a number of archaeological sites which date to the transition from Middle to the Late Bronze Age, and in particular of a series of fortified settlements of Arkaim type, resulted in reconsideration of the existing periodization of the archaeological cultures in the region, and their genesis. It was immediately suggested that the population, which left these settlements, as well as kurgan graveyards with evidence for early battle chariots, abundant animal sacrifices and elements of quite specific burial practices, is associated with the Indo-Iranian origins. We had an opportunity to study anthropological materials of the Sintashta-Arkaim sites from Southern Urals and of the forest-steppe Potapovka sites of the Volga Region, which are culturally related (materials are stored in the Volga State Socio-Humanitarian Academy of Samara). Various physical diagnostic methods have been utilised, and as a result of this work the close relationship between the two neighbouring populations has been revealed. At the same time, the great heterogeneity of the groups, which has no analogies in preceding or succeeding Bronze Age populations, has been noted. Almost all anthropological series demonstrate features which could be related to steppe or northern forest origin. Some series could represent a result of the mechanical mixing of anthropological components, while other demonstrate the beginning of the miscegenation process. Despite the evidence of military activity in the society (fortified settlements, chariots, weapons), a small number of injuries among the analysed individuals suggest that Sintashta and Potapovka populations were involved in conflicts only occasionally. At the same time, it should be emphasized that, despite the seemingly cultural identity of the particular complexes, the deceased were not necessarily related between each other. The central and elite graves often contain individuals of hypermorphic European type, perhaps of steppe origin. We therefore assume that most likely one needs to investigate the elite burials to find founders of the Sintashta and Potapovka traditions in this archaeologically-homogenous and, at the same time, equally heterogeneous anthropologically society.
- Добавил в систему: Китов Егор Петрович