Аннотация:The article is devoted to grain farming of the Chuvash Republic. The paper discusses the factors and preconditions of its formation. The estimation of natural resource potential, including agro-climatic and soil resources of the region. Peculiarities of transport and geographical situation of the Republic. Based on the analysis of demographic indicators the characteristics of labor resources in the region. A review of the production structure of the grain economy of Chuvashia. Interrelation of manufacturing and services is reflected in the scheme compiled by the author. Considered indicators of the concentration, yield and gross harvest of grain. On the basis of these data a dedicated grain area, given their characteristics. Peculiarities of territorial structure are presented in the form of cartograms. Identified unused reserves in the grain sector of the Chuvash Republic. Proposed measures to increase the efficiency of grain farming on the basis of the factors and preconditions of its formation.