Аннотация:The latest breakthroughs in photonic-crystal-fiber (PCF) technologies open new horizons in photonics and optical science. The frequency profile of dispersion and the spatial profile of electromagnetic field distribution in waveguide modes of microstructure fibers can be tailored by modifying the core and cladding design on a micro- and nanoscale, suggesting the ways of creating novel fiber-optic components and devices. Recently developed new types of PCFs provide highly efficient spectral and temporal transformation of laser pulses with pulse widths ranging from tens of nanoseconds to a few optical cycles (several femtoseconds) within a broad range of peak powers from hundreds of watts to several gigawatts. Enhanced nonlinear-optical processes in waveguide modes of these novel optical fibers will offer unique opportunities for ultrafast optical science and lightwave technologies.