Аннотация:Clay minerals are found in almost all geological objects, they are formed under very different conditions, due to their sensitivity to changes in the environment (composition of pore water, temperature, pressure, etc.), they can easily experience structural transformations. It is certain that clay minerals can answer a great many questions, but their study must be approached with due care, with accurate sampling, using the most modern methods of data acquisition and processing, carrying out the most detailed studies of the composition and structure of clay minerals and not sparing time for sample preparation and experimentation.