On the Problem of the Evolutionary Origin of Schooling Behavior of Fishстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 15 февраля 2024 г.
Аннотация:Schooling as an ecological phenomenon first arose in the early Teleostei about 200–220 million years ago; there are currently no rigorous data on the presence of this form of social behavior in older fish, including Elasmobranchii. The evolutionary path of the emergence of schools could pass through several successive stages from asociality to aggregations and proto-schools and then to true equipotential schools. Schooling fish follow the same path in their early ontogeny. This article discusses the motives for the emergence of schooling behavior (ensuring the protection and survival of ancient fish during their development of the pelagic zone) and the prerequisites for the emergence and development of schooling (characteristics that fish transitioning to schooling should have). It is quite obvious that schooling is not related to evolutionary age or phylogenetic relationships of taxonomic groups or individual species of Teleostei. The transition to a schooling lifestyle is due to a change in the ecology of fish in connection with the development of new habitat conditions. Having arisen, schooling behavior disappears and again and repeatedly arises independently not only in different groups, but also among closely related Teleostei. Evolutionarily acquired schooling can be transformed into other forms of social behavior when personalization appears. Information about the genetic nature of schooling has been given.