Triazoles and Strobilurin Mixture Affects Soil Microbial Community and Incidences of Wheat Diseasesстатья
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Аннотация:Pesticides are widely used in agriculture as a pest control strategy. Despite the benefits
of pesticides on crop yields, the persistence of chemical residues in soil has an unintended impact
on non-targeted microorganisms. In the present study, we evaluated the potential adverse effects
of a mixture of fungicides (difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, and kresoxim-methyl) on soil fungal
and bacterial communities, as well as the manifestation of wheat diseases. In the fungicide-treated
soil, the Shannon indices of both fungal and bacterial communities decreased, whereas the Chao1
indices did not differ compared to the control soil. Among bacterial taxa, the relative abundances
of Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas increased in fungicide-treated soil due to their ability to utilize
fungicides and other toxic compounds. Rhizopus and plant-beneficial Chaetomium were the dominant
fungal genera, with their prevalence increasing by 2–4 times in the fungicide-treated soil. The genus
Fusarium, which includes phytopathogenic species, which are notably responsible for root rot, was
the most abundant taxon in each of the two conditions but its relative abundance was two times
lower in fungicide-treated soils, consistent with a lower level of disease incidence in plants. The
prediction of metabolic pathways revealed that the soil bacterial community had a high potential
for degrading various pollutants, and the soil fungal community was in a state of recovery after the application of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. Fungicide-treated soil was characterized by an increase in soil microbial carbon, compared with the control soil. Collectively, the obtained results suggest that the application of difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, and kresoxim-methyl is an effective approach for pest control that does not pose a hazard for the soil ecosystem in the short term.
However, it is necessary to carry out additional sampling to take into account the spatio-temporal
impact of this fungicide mixture on the functional properties of the soil.