Аннотация:Antimicrobials, and particularly antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), have been thoroughlystudied due to their therapeutic potential. The research on their exact mode of actionon bacterial cells, especially at under sublethal concentrations, has resulted in a betterunderstanding of the unpredictable nature of bacterial behavior under stress conditions.In this review, we were aiming to gather the wide yet still under-investigated knowledgeabout various AMPs and their subinhibition effects on cellular and molecular levels.We describe how AMP action is non-linear and unpredictable, also showing thatexposure to AMP can lead to antimicrobial resistance via triggering various regulatorysystems. Being one of the most known types of antimicrobials, bacteriocins have dualaction and can also be utilized by microorganisms as signaling molecules at naturallyachievable sub-inhibitory concentrations. The unpredictable nature of AMP action andthe pathogenic response triggered by them remains an area of knowledge that requiresfurther investigation.