DNA barcoding of Palaearctic Ulidiidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea): morphology, DNA evolution and Markov codon modelsстатья
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Аннотация:Though we found morphological synapomorphic characters that clearly distinguish two
groups of genera, formerly relating to two subfamilies, the monophyly of the clade Otitinae
was not firmly supported by molecular phylogenetic reconstructions. The subfamily Ulidiinae
was recovered as the basal likely paraphyletic group with high reliability. Morphologically,
Ulidiinae are similar in possessing bare R1 vein and specific structure of genitals, namely
non-rupted closed hypandrium, developed parameres, bare distiphallus (rarely with a group
of setae in the center of distifallus) with membranous lobes, and phallus apodeme with lateral
lobes. The monophyly of Otitinae (without Homalocephala) was supported by spinulose
phallus, absence of the glans, absence of membranous lobes on the distiphallus, and by the
presence of the female sternal apodemes. Overall, our results suggest the inclusion of the
genera Homalocephala and Seioptera into the tribe Seiopterini (Otitinae). Three genera of
Ulidiinae (Physiphora, Timia, Ulidia), eight genera of Otitinae (Ceroxys, Herina, Melieria,
Myennis, Otites, Pseudotephritis, Seioptera, Tetanops), and the genus of Homalocephala
with still unconfirmed systematic status were included in the analysis