Аннотация:The article presents a review of modern Russian and foreign scientific researches in the field of inference and discourse. The article focuses on the discussion and analysis of the existing classifications of inferences with an aim to evaluate their universality and offer a classification of inferences based on more common criteria of speech thinking. The types of inferences are identified according to such mental operations as comparison, filling in (framing), integration, elimination, deduction, induction on the material of various linguistic resources (texts, utterances, dialogues).