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The Burden of Responsibility: Its Alternatives in the Ideological Transformation of Populism (Narodnichestvo) in the 1880sстатья
- Автор: Гайда Ф.А.
- Журнал: Social Sciences
- Том: 55
- Номер: 3
- Год издания: 2024
- Издательство: Nauka Publishers
- Местоположение издательства: United States
- Первая страница: 106
- Последняя страница: 114
- DOI: 10.21557/SSC.99327915
- Аннотация: This article deals with the question of the directions of ideologicaltransformation of Populism during its acute crisis in the 1880s. By thattime, the Populists (Narodniki) had realized that their exaggerated emphasison the idea of personal responsibility was leading them into an impasse anddemanded a radical reappraisal. This study is based on journalistic materialsand correspondence between the Populists. The reflection expressed in themtook several directions. G. I. Uspensky totally revised the Populist notionsof the relationships between the people and the educated society. The newconcept of “the true intelligentsia” formulated as part of the “theory of smalldeeds” shifted responsibility from the people to oneself and potentially createdthe ground for broad social activity. The fundamental rejection of personalresponsibility (N. M. Minsky) created ideological conditions for the newart of the Silver Age. In the political sphere, it made it possible to combinethe socialist principle of justice with the liberal principle of personal rights(D. I. Shakhovskoy), giving rise to the ideology of the Constitutional DemocraticParty, the Cadets (constitutionalism, social liberalism). However, theobject of responsibility, instead of the people, could be not only the individual,but also a social class (seen as the best part of the people) or the state (seenas an expression of the unity of the people). In the author’s opinion, suchwas arguably the evolution of such Populists as G. V. Plekhanov and L. A.Tikhomirov. The article concludes that the reappraisal of Populist values inthe 1880s engendered a number of significant phenomena of the cultural andpolitical life of Russia in the early 20th century.
- Добавил в систему: Гайда Федор Александрович