Analysis of Measurements of the Magnetic Flux Density in Steel Blocks of the Compact Muon Solenoid Magnet Yoke with Solenoid Coil Fast Discharges

Klyukhin, V.; Curé, B.; Gaddi, A.; Kehrli, A.; Ostrega, M.; Pons, X.

Авторы: Klyukhin Vyacheslav, Curé Benoit, Gaddi Andrea, Kehrli Antoine, Ostrega Maciej, Pons Xavier
Журнал: Symmetry
Том: 16
Номер: 12
Год издания: 2024
Издательство: MDPI
Местоположение издательства: Basel, Switzerland
Первая страница: 1689
DOI: 10.3390/sym16121689
Аннотация: The general-purpose Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is used to study the production of new particles in proton–proton collisions at an LHC center of mass energy of 13.6 TeV. The detector includes a magnet based on a 6 m diameter superconducting solenoid coil operating at a current of 18.164 kA. This current creates a central magnetic ﬂux density of 3.8 T that allows for the high-precision measurement of the momenta of the produced charged particles using tracking and muon subdetectors. The CMS magnet contains a 10,000 ton ﬂux-return yoke of dodecagonal shape made from the assembly of construction steel blocks distributed in several layers. These steel blocks are magnetized with the solenoid returned magnetic ﬂux and wrap the muons escaping the hadronic calorimeters of total absorption. To reconstruct the muon trajectories, and thus to measure the muon momenta, the drift tube and cathode strip chambers are located between the layers of the steel blocks. To describe the distribution of the magnetic ﬂux in the magnet yoke layers, a three-dimensional computer model of the CMS magnet is used. To validate the calculations, special measurements are performed, with the ﬂux loops wound in 22 cross-sections of the ﬂux-return yoke blocks. The measured voltages induced in the ﬂux loops during the CMS magnet ramp-ups and -downs, as well as during the superconducting coil fast discharges, are integrated over time to obtain the initial magnetic ﬂux densities in the ﬂux loop cross-sections. The measurements obtained during the seven standard ramp-downs of the magnet were analyzed in 2018. From that time, three fast discharges occurred during the standard ramp-downs of the magnet. This allows us to single out the contributions of the eddy currents, induced in steel, to the ﬂux loop voltages registered during the fast discharges of the coil. Accounting for these contributions to the ﬂux loop measurements during intentionally triggered fast discharges in 2006 allows us to perform the validation of the CMS magnet computer model with better precision. The technique for the ﬂux loop measurements and the obtained results are presented and discussed. The method for measuring magnetic ﬂux density in steel blocks described in this study is innovative. The experience of 3D modeling and measuring the magnetic ﬁeld in steel blocks of the magnet yoke, as part of a muon detector system, has good prospects for use in the construction and operation of particle detectors for the Future Circular Electron–Positron Collider and the Circular Electron–Positron Collider.
Добавил в систему: Клюхин Вячеслав Иванович

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Analysis of Measurements of the Magnetic Flux Density in Steel Blocks of the Compact Muon Solenoid Magnet Yoke with Solenoid Coil Fast Dischargesстатья Исследовательская статья

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