Аннотация:A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of various organocatalystsfor the carboxylation of epoxides based on ammonium and phosphonium salts. The results show that for low molecularweight onium salts, the efficiency of epoxide carboxylation depends on both the catalyst structure and itssolubility in the reaction medium. The highest efficiency was achieved with tetrabutyl-substituted onium iodidesand bromides. The addition of 20 mol % water together with the onium salt significantly accelerates the reactionwith epoxides and results in quantitative yields of mono- and disubstituted cyclic carbonates. A polystyrene-basedcatalyst modified with an immobilized tributylphosphonium group (4 mol %) combined with 1 eq. of water producesa quantitative yield of butylene carbonate and can be reused without loss of catalytic activity (tested over10 cycles), making it promising for practical applications.
