Аннотация:During the traditional morphological analysis in case of differential diagnostics between pigmented naevus (PN) and skin melanoma (SM) there are rather common difficulties. The minimization of these difficulties can contribute the addition of a classical histological study with the use of molecular markers. The purpose of this work was to check the informative value of the immune histochemical (IHC) analysis of a number of proteins as the markers in the initial diagnosis of SM in pediatric patients. The experimental part. The data comparison has been conducted which were obtained while the traditional microscopic analysis of histological preparations stained with hematoxylin-eosin with the results of IHC detection of a number of proteins (cyclin D1, p16INK4, and also class I HLA-antigens). The differences between SM and PN are revealed. The conclusion. Based on the results of the pilot study, IHC-tests for the listed proteins can be considered as adequate approaches to the primary diagnostics of SM in this category of patients