|
ИСТИНА |
Войти в систему Регистрация |
ИСТИНА ИНХС РАН |
||
Quantitative Assessment of Erosion Rate Trends in Different Scales: Problems and Possibilties (by the Example of the East-European Plain)тезисы доклада
- Авторы: Gusarov A.V., Golosov V.N., Sharifullin A.G., Maltsev K.A., Ivanov M.M., Litvin L.F.
- Сборник: 9-th International Conference on geomorphology
- Тезисы
- Год издания: 2017
- Место издания: Indian institute on geomorphologists New Delhi
- Первая страница: 361
- Последняя страница: 361
- Аннотация: The East-European (Russian) Plain is the largest agricultural region in Europe. Erosion processes within its arable lands here are very sensitive to climate and land-use changes. The economic conditions that emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union led to significant reduction in arable land area and crop rotation changes, combined with the climate warming since 1980s, should have affected the soil erosion intensity. The erosion rates within the arable lands were evaluated at different scales: for river basins and small dry valley catchments within the basins. Ba-sins of seven rivers located in the steppe, forest-steppe and forest (southern subzone) zones were chosen for assessment. The calculations were performed for two time slices (1985 and 2015), using the modified version of USLE mod-el (rainstorm runoff) and the model developed by the State Hydrological Insti-tute (meltwater runoff). The erosion rates trend was estimated for small catchments, based on: a) detailed assessment of the sedimentation rates in the small dry valley bottoms using the ceasium-137 (global and Chernobyl-derived) as a chronomarker; b) by the results of assessment of the morphometric characteristics of the valley bot-toms; c) by the mapping of the delivery sediment pathways from arable lands to the valley bottoms; d) by analyzing of grain size composition and the other characteristics of valley bottom sediments. There has been a reduction in soil losses due to water erosion over the last 30 years (1985–2015) almost in all key basins. At the same time, the re-duction from the basin to the basin varies greatly, changing according to the calculation results from 12% to 50%. In small dry valley catchments the ero-sion rates reduction since the period 1963–1986 to 1987– 2015/2016 was more significant (from 2.5 to 5 times).
- Добавил в систему: Голосов Валентин Николаевич