Nuclear Compartments, Genome Folding, and Enhancer-Promoter Communicationстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
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Статья опубликована в журнале из списка Web of Science и/или Scopus
Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 19 сентября 2015 г.
Аннотация:The eukaryotic genome has an extremely complex spatial organization. The physical
distances between regulatory elements of the genome, such as enhancers, promoters,
insulators, and CpG-islands, do not necessarily reflect genomic distances. Some remote
regulatory elements appear to interact physically with target promoters in the 3D nuclear
space. These spatial contacts are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of
transcription. Recent studies performed using 3C (chromosome conformation capture)-
based methods, FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) coupled with confocal
microscopy, and other experimental approaches have revealed that the spatial interactions
of distant genomic elements within a folded chromosome are specific and functionally
relevant. Additionally, the spatial organization of the eukaryotic genome is
linked to the functional compartmentalization of the cell nucleus. In this review, we
discuss the current state of research on the functional architecture of the eukaryotic
genome. Special emphasis is given to the role of the spatial organization of the
genome in establishing communication between enhancers and promoters. The
driving forces of the juxtaposition of remote genomic elements are also considered.