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Studying chemico-biotic interactions in the biosphere: pollutants including membranotropic and genotoxic xenobiotics as well as nanomaterialsстатья
- Авторы: Ostroumov S.A., Kotelevtsev S.V., Ermakov V.V., Glaser V.M., Gorshkova O.M., Jovanovic L., Kamnev A.N., Kolesov G.M., Lazareva E.V., Matorin D.N., Novikov K.N., McCutcheon S., Panin M.S., Poklonov V.A., Sadchikov A.P., Sheleikovsky V.L., Shestakova T.V., Shpigun O.A., Sizov A.D., Smurov A.V., Soldatov A.A., Solomonova E.A., Toderas I.K., Tropin I.V., Zhbanov A.E., Zoubkov E.I.
- Сборник: Ecological Studies, Hazards and Solutions
- Том: 18
- Год издания: 2013
- Место издания: MAKS Press Moscow
- Первая страница: 78
- Последняя страница: 80
- Аннотация: Studying the biological effects of pollutants and xenobiotics are important to develop applied ecology as well as to extend the scientific foundation of monitoring and remediation [1-18]. The goal of this study was to characterize the biological effects which some organic and inorganic xenobiotics (surfactants, detergents, heavy metals and some others) produce on organisms. Methodologies included a variety of methods, e.g.: bioassay, microcosms, detecting elements using instrumental methods. In the experiments with plants and bivalves, microcosms were used. As a result, a series of biological effects were found and measured. In a concentration-depended way, synthetic surfactants and the mix of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) produced sublethal and lethal effects on aquatic plants (macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton sp., and other species), and terrestrial plants (seedlings). The chemicals tested included membranotropic xenobiotics (synthetic surfactants and detergents) and other chemicals (heavy metals, and nanoparticles). Surfactants and heavy metals inhibited the filtration rate of marine bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and other filter-feeders. Nanoparticles of metal oxides and Au produced some negative effects on the aquatic plants tested in the experiments. Genotoxic activity of several xenobiotics was found using the Ames test with the bacteria Salmonella typhymurium. The new data confirmed the theory of multi-functional (polyfunctional) role of biotic community and aquatic biodiversity in removing pollutants from water and improving water quality, which contributed to a better understanding of chemico-biotic interactions, to scientific basis of pollution control, and to the new conceptualization of how the aquatic biota controls water quality [17] [S. A. Ostroumov. Biocontrol of water quality: multifunctional role of biota in water self-purification. - Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2010, 80 (13): 2754-2761]. A variety of pollutants were studied. Among them are many types of contaminants including: (1) membranotropic ones; (2) genotoxic pollutants; (3) nanoparticles. Recently, a new series of experiments was conducted with aquatic plants. New facts that are relevant to prospective application of aquatic plants to water medium phytoremediation were discovered. The species of aquatic plants that were studied in these experiments are as following: Elodea canadensis Mchk., Potamogeton crispus L., Najas guadelupensis L., Fontinalis antipyretica L., Salvinia natans L., Salvinia auriculata Aubl., Ceratophyllum demersum and some others. Some of the results were reported in a number of publications including [1, 2, 4-18]. The results were actively discussed and the conclusions of these publications were supported by other experts and scientists who are actively working in environmental science, ecology and hydrobiology (e.g., [19, 20]). Работа выполнена в рамках проекта (проектов): •Безопасность биосистем как основа устойчивого природопользования
- Добавил в систему: Новиков Кирилл Николаевич