Аннотация:Contours of Paleopedology were outlined by Konstantin Glinka in “The challenges of historical soil science” in 1904, while Boris Polynov coined the term Paleopedology in 1917. Systematic studies of paleosols started in the fiftieth with new methods and application in bio-geosciences. Following a proposal by Dan Yaalon an International Paleopedology Commission was established in 1965. A turning point in Commission activity was the first International Paleopedology Symposium with proceedings “Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols (1971), edited by Dan Yaalon. The scientific and organizational input of Dan Yaalon as a President (1977-1987) and Vice-president (1987-1995) of the Paleopedology Commission in promoting systematic studies of paleosols and supporting international cooperation could not be overestimated. Modern Paleopedology is quickly emerging science, embracing adjacent disciplines, where paleosols are perceived as valuable paleo-environmental archive and stratigraphic marker. Paleopedology plays a key role in the new interdisciplinary challenges, like climate change, cryobiology, astropedology, etc.