Peculiarities of Tentacle Innervation of Flustrellidra hispida and Evolution of Lophophore in Bryozoaстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 7 июля 2021 г.
Аннотация:The study of the lophophore organization is of great importance for the reconstruction of lophophorates phylogeny and for understanding of evolutionary transformation occurred within each phylum of Lophophorata. The innervation of the lophophore of ctenostome bryozoan Flustrellidra hispida was studied by immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was shown for the first time that this species has an outer nerve ring, giving rise to the tentacle nerves. Formerly, the outer nerve ring was described in some ctenostomates and cyclostomates, but it has no connection to any nerves. The discovered feature of lophophore innervation of F. hispida allows to suggest the evolutionary transformation from a phoronida-like ancestor lophophore, bearing prominent outer nerve ring with numerous tentacle nerves emanating from it, to the complicated bell-shaped lophophore of F. hispida with well pronounced outer nervous ring bearing a few tentacle nerves. Next one in this hypothetical row will be the lophophore of the other ctenostomates and some cyclostomates with an outer nerve ring having no connection to any nerves, and cheilostomates lophophore, lacking an outer nerve ring at all.